World Timeline

AD 1084: The Seljuk Turks under Sultan Malik-Shah I conquer Byzantine Antioch, held by Philaretos Brachamios, an Armenian general, who seizes power as a usurper.
 
AD 1085: After 19 years of writing, Sīmǎ Guāng and his academic friends finished Zīzhì Tōngjiàn: Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government (資治通鑑) at 294 volumes and over 3 million words. It is considered the greatest history book in ancient China after Sīmǎ Qiān's Records of the Grand Historian (史記) (coincidentally, their authors' surnames are both Sīmǎ). Zīzhì Tōngjiàn is unique because of its dual-purpose as a history record and a politics textbook; Sīmǎ Guāng wanted to conclude emperors' gains and losses in the past so that future rulers could learn lessons from them.
 
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AD 1086: October 23 – Battle of Sagrajas: Spanish forces under King Alfonso VI ("the Brave") of Castile are defeated by the Moors and their allies, the Almoravids, who have been invited to help on orders by Emir Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad.
 
AD 1087: William the Conqueror died weeks after getting injured at a battle in Mantes (nowadays France near Paris).
 
AD 1088: The Dream Pool Essays is published by the Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo. His book represents the earliest known writing about the magnetic compass, movable type printing, experimentation with the camera obscura only decades after Hasan ibn al-Haytham, which includes many different fields of study in essay and encyclopedic form, including geology, astronomy, archaeology, mathematics, pharmacology, magnetism, geography, optics, hydraulics, economics, military strategy, philosophy, etc. Some of Shen's most advanced theories include geomorphology and climate variability, while he improves Chinese astronomy, by fixing the position of the pole star and correcting the lunar error, by plotting its orbital course every night for a continuum of five years. Shen's book is also the first to describe the drydock in China – and discusses the advantages of the recent invention of the canal pound lock, over the old flash lock.
 
AD 1089: The Council of Melfi was hosted by Pope Urban II. The meeting declared simony (the buying and selling of positions in church) an ecclesiastical crime and decided to repair relationship between the Roman Church and the Greek Church.
 
AD 1091: 17 October - A tornado ravaged London, striking down over 600 houses. The first London Bridge built by William the Conqueror fell down. This was the first tornado recorded in British history. Historians estimate that the tornado had an intensity of T8 in Torro Scale, which means it had extreme wind speeds (96–107 m/s) and devastating power.
 
AD 1092: Summer – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos bribes one of Kilij Arslan's (sultan of the Sultanate of Rum) officials to recover Sinope (the capital of Paphlagonia), and neighbouring coastal regions. He uses the Byzantine fleet to defeat the Seljuk navy off the coast of Cius in Bithynia.
 
AD 1093: The city of Zagreb, nowadays the capital city of Croatia, was first mentioned in history when a Roman Catholic bishopric was established there.
 
AD 1094: October – Seljuk sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq (one of the Seljuk princes who claim the throne) as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.
 
AD 1095: The Council of Clermont was held in Clermont, France. On the meeting Pope Urban II called on all Christians to fight against Seljuk Turks and reclaim Jerusalem; whoever joined in the war would be absolved of all sins. The First Crusade began.
 
AD 1096: King Alfonso VI ("the Brave") of Castile arranges to marry his daughter Theresa to Henry of Burgundy (House of Burgundy). Theresa's dowry includes the County of Portugal, given to Henry with Porto as the capital.
 
AD 1097: Xīn Yíxiàng Fǎyào (新儀象法要, New Principles of Astronomical Instruments) was written by Sòng astronomer Sū Sòng. It contains over 60 blueprints and structural drawings of machines used in astronomy, including blueprint of the Water Transport Observatory, a 12-meter structure that automatically tracks time and movement of stars, powered by running water.
 
AD 1098: (First Crusade) February 9 – Battle of the Lake of Antioch: The Crusaders under Bohemond I defeat a Seljuk relief force (some 12,000 men) led by Sultan Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo. Bohemond gathers 700 knights, and marches in the night to ambush the Seljuk Turks at the Lake of Antioch (modern Turkey). After several successful cavalry charges the Crusaders rout the Seljuk army, forcing Radwan to retreat back to Aleppo.
 
AD 1099: The First Crusade ended with Christian alliances conquered Jerusalem, which was followed by a massacre that killed thousands of muslims and jews within the city. After these the Kingdom of Jerusalem was established.
 
AD 1100: Antipope Clement III dies at Civita Castellana after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes Gregory VII, Victor III and Urban II. Supporters of Emperor Henry IV in Rome choose Theodoric as his successor.
 
AD 1102: The Crusaders under Raymond IV begin the siege of Tripoli (modern Lebanon). The garrison calls for assistance, but a Seljuk relief army from Damascus and Homs is defeated by Raymond.
 
AD 1103: The Champa army, under king Jaya Indravarman II, raided Đại Việt's border and launched battles to retake three provinces in the Địa Lý regions.
 
AD 1104: The Venetian Arsenal (Arsenale di Venezia) was founded for providing ships and weapons for the Most Serene Republic. With an area of 45 hectares (15% of the entire city of Venice), it had become the greatest factory in Europe before industrial revolution.
 
AD 1106: Comet X/1106 C1 flew pass the sun and was visible in the western night sky throughout February. It had been recorded in China, Armenia, Wales and other places with words like "as bright as the full moon". Astrologists believe this comet was the mother of all Kreutz Sungrazers, i.e. all Kreutz Sungrazers are essentially fractions of the original comet X/1106 C1.
 
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AD 1108: The city of Vladimir was found upon Klyazma River by Kyivan 'Rus Prince Vladimir Monomach. It was one of the oldest cities in Russia and part of it has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage.
 
AD 1109: July 12 – Siege of Tripoli: After a 7-year siege (supported by the Genoese fleet), Tripoli falls to the Crusaders. Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar, qadi of Tripoli, submits to Bertrand of Toulouse (the eldest son of Raymond IV). He establishes the County of Tripoli, the fourth Crusader state in the Middle East. Raymond's nephew William II Jordan dies of an arrow wound sustained during the siege, leaving Bertrand as its sole ruler.
 
AD 1110: An unknown volcanic eruption (probably in Iceland) released smokes that engulfed the European sky, leading to a lunar eclipse where the moon vanished from the sky according to Peterborough Chronicle.
 
AD 1114: November 29 – A large earthquake damages the areas of the Crusaders in the Middle East. From Antioch and Mamistra to Marash and Edessa are hit by the shocks.
 
AD 1115: The Jurchen Empire (also known as Jīn Dynasty, but I'm afraid people will confuse it with Jìn Dynasty in AD 266) was founded by Jurchen leader Aguda. After the founding of country, Aguda immediately declared war against the Khitan Empire. It would rule Northern China for more than 100 years.
 
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AD 1116: Aak music is introduced to the Korean court, through a large gift of 428 musical instruments as well as 572 costumes and ritual dance objects from China, by Emperor Huizong of the Song dynasty.
 
AD 1117: An earthquake with a magnitude of 7 struck Verona (nowadays northern Italy) and affected multiple European states. It was one of the strongest earthquakes in Italy.
 
AD 1119: Two Jurchen ministers, Wanyan Xiyin and Yelu, invented a writing system for Jurchen language based on the form of Chinese script and Khitan script. This was known as the Greater Jurchen Script. Emperor Aguda soon mandated the use of this script throughout his Empire.
 
AD 1120: Walcher of Malvern, an English astronomer and mathematician, creates a system of measurement for the Earth using degrees, minutes and seconds of latitude and longitude.
 
AD 1121: Battle of Didgori – More than one hundred thousand men fought in this battle between Christians and Seljuk Turks. Led by King David IV of Georgia, the Christian armies crushed their enemies so completely that commander of Turks, Ilghazi, fled from the battlefield alone, leaving nearly 50 thousand soldiers captured or slaughtered. After the battle the Seljuk Turks lost all influence in the Caucasus.
 
AD 1122: Battle of Beroia: Emperor John II Komnenos transfers the Byzantine field army from Asia Minor (where it has been engaged against the Seljuk Turks) to the Balkans. The Pechenegs who have set up their camp (defended by a circular formation of wagons) near Beroia (modern Bulgaria) are defeated. John orders the Varangian Guard (some 480 men), the elite Palace Guard to hack their way through the Pecheneg circle of wagons, causing a general rout in their camp. Pecheneg survivors are taken captive and enlisted into the Byzantine army.
 
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