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AD 1146: Confucius was recognized as an emperor by the Western Xià Dynasty. Though Confucius was respected in Chinese history, this was...

AD 1143: King of Léon and Castile Alfonso VII signed the Treaty of Zamora and acknowledged his cousin Afonso Henriques's title and the...

AD 1139: Southern Sòng Dynasty reached a peace agreement with the Jurchen Empire. However, some important generals like Yuè Fēi were...

AD 1137: Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus's army besieged the city of Antioch. Several days later Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of...

Premise: AD 1127: The Jurchen Empire took the capital city of Sòng Dynasty and captured their emperor (and former emperor). Zhào Gòu...

AD 1125: Seeing the weakness of their neighbor on the south, Jurchen Empire attacked Sòng Dynasty in October. In a hurry, Emperor...

AD 1123: Jurchen army occupied the southern capital of Khitan Empire (nowadays Běijīng; Khitan Empire had three capitals and they had...

AD 1121: Battle of Didgori – More than one hundred thousand men fought in this battle between Christians and Seljuk Turks. Led by King...

AD 1119: Two Jurchen ministers, Wanyan Xiyin and Yelu, invented a writing system for Jurchen language based on the form of Chinese...

AD 1117: An earthquake with a magnitude of 7 struck Verona (nowadays northern Italy) and affected multiple European states. It was one...

AD 1115: The Jurchen Empire (also known as Jīn Dynasty, but I'm afraid people will confuse it with Jìn Dynasty in AD 266) was founded by...

AD 1113: A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains (千里江山圖) was completed by Chinese painter Wáng Xīmèng. It is considered the greatest...

AD 1110: An unknown volcanic eruption (probably in Iceland) released smokes that engulfed the European sky, leading to a lunar eclipse...

AD 1108: The city of Vladimir was found upon Klyazma River by Kyivan 'Rus Prince Vladimir Monomach. It was one of the oldest cities in...

Closing Address - July 2026 Friends, colleagues, and fellow TNPers, Goodness gracious, is it the end of the term already? I still have...