World Timeline

AD 682: Due to a culmination of major droughts, floods, locust plagues and epidemics, a widespread famine breaks out in the dual Chinese capital cities of Chang'an (primary capital) and Luoyang (secondary capital). The scarcity of food drives the price of grain to unprecedented heights, ending a once prosperous era under emperors Taizong and Gaozong on a sad note.
 
AD 683: Ilterish (Kutluk) Khan consolidates the restored Göktürk power, defeating Tang-aligned forces and securing control around Ötuken, effectively re-establishing Turkish independence.
 
AD 687: Pope Conon I dies at Rome after a 1-year reign, and is succeeded by Sergius I as the 84th pope of the Catholic Church.
 
AD 690: Willibrord, Anglo-Saxon missionary, travels from York with 12 Benedictine monks to Westkapelle, (modern Netherlands) to Christianize the pagan Frisians.
 
AD 692: After the death of Ilterish (Kutluk) Khan, his brother Kapagan ascends the throne. With Kapagan’s rise, the Second Göktürk Khaganate launches expansion campaigns and strengthens Turkish dominance across the steppe.
 
AD 694: Kapagan Khan launches his first major campaigns, subduing several Turkish tribes around Ötuken and re-asserting the authority of the Second Göktürk Khaganate.
 
AD 695: Willibrord establishes a Benedictine training centre for priests and young noblemen. This seminary later becomes Utrecht University.
 
AD 697: The Toquz Oghuz tribes rise against Kapagan Khan but are defeated. Through harsh campaigns, Kapagan re-asserts Göktürk control around the Orkhon Ötüken region and brings the Turkish tribes back under central authority.
 
AD 699: Kapagan Khan launches campaigns into the western steppe, suppressing rebellious tribes and consolidating the authority of the Second Göktürk Khaganate across the Turkish steppe.
 
AD 701: Asparuh, founder of the First Bulgarian Empire, dies after a 20-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Tervel, who becomes ruler (khan) of the Bulgarians.
 
AD 703: Faroald II, duke of Spoleto, attacks the Exarchate of Ravenna in Italy, after the death of his father Thrasimund I. King Aripert II of the Lombards, desiring good relations with the Byzantine Empire and papacy, refuses to assist him.
 
AD 705: King Ine of Wessex becomes estranged from the kings Sigeheard and Swæfred of Essex, who are sheltering exiled rivals to the Wessex throne. At a council at Brentford, the latter agree to banish the exiles in return for Ine not attacking their kingdom.
 
AD 707: Pope John VII dies at Rome after a 19-month reign. A prolonged sede vacante exists, until the ratification of the election of Sisinnius by the Exarch of Ravenna, in early 708.
 
AD 711: At the Battle of Bolchu, the Göktürk army defeats the Turgesh forces decisively. Guided by Tonyukuk, this victory pushes back rival Turkish powers in the western steppe and reasserts Göktürk supremacy.
 
AD 713: Under Tervel, the Danubian Bulgars of Turkish origin advance into Thrace and pressure Constantinople, exploiting the empire’s internal turmoil. Byzantium is forced to renew tribute and concessions to secure peace.
 
AD 715: In Transoxiana, the Umayyad general Qutayba ibn Muslim is killed during a mutiny, abruptly halting further expansion. The setback allows Turkish forces — especially the Turgesh — to regroup and revive resistance across Central Asia.
 
AD 716: King Osred I of Northumbria is killed in battle, possibly by the Picts in Manau Gododdin (Scotland). He is succeeded by his distant cousin, Coenred.
 
AD 717: March 21 – Battle of Vincy: Charles Martel invades Neustria and defeats the forces of King Chilperic II at Vincy, near Cambrai. He pursues him and his mayor of the palace Ragenfrid to Paris, before turning back to deal with his stepmother Plectrude at Cologne, to turn over half the wealth of his late father Pepin of Herstal. Charles allows both Plectrude and his nephew Theudoald (who at eleven was still a little child) to live (a gesture uncommon for the time), and obliges her to accept his sovereignty.
 
AD 718: During the great siege of Constantinople, the Umayyad army suffers devastating losses and withdraws, in large part because of repeated strikes by the Danubian Bulgars of Turkish origin. The campaign highlights the decisive military role of the Turkish presence in the Balkans.
 
AD 719: Ex-Emperor Anastasios II starts a revolt against Leo III with considerable support, including auxiliaries provided by Tervel, emperor (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire. His attack on Constantinople fails; Anastasios is captured and is put to death (by beheading), on the orders of Leo.
 
AD 720: In the Chinese capital of Chang'an, the walls of a gated city ward collapse during the night, which unexpectedly forms a large pool out in the open. This is most likely caused by a sinkhole created when ground water eroded the limestone bedrock beneath. As a consequence of this, more than 500 homes are destroyed (approximate date).
 
AD 721: After besieging Toulouse for three months, Muslim forces under governor (wali) Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani are defeated by Eudes, duke of Aquitaine, preventing the extension of Umayyad control over Gaul.
 
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