- Pronouns
- he/him/his
- TNP Nation
- Zemnaya Svoboda
- Discord
- Eluvatar#8517
Root Cause Analysis Results
Apology
We want to start by stating that a disservice has been done to Imkihca. The fact that an investigation was underway was shared outside the TNP admin team, which resulted in rampant public speculation, gossip, and damage to her reputation which she should never have had to endure. We sincerely apologize for the unwarranted scrutiny to which Imkihca was subjected. She did not deserve that. We also apologize for the mistakes that we made in handling this situation, particularly for the length of time it has taken for this statement to be issued. We recognize that the delay on our end only exacerbated the issue, and we are very sorry for that.
Background Summary and Timeline
In November 2017, the TNP admin team received a complaint against Imkihca which included allegations of harassment and blackmail. We received some initial evidence from a source we considered credible, and based on the complaint and the evidence, we opened an investigation to determine if the allegations were true.
Separate from our investigation, the NationStates World Fair Committee (NSWFC) received multiple complaints about Imkihca, reportedly along similar lines as the one received in TNP. We do not know who filed these complaints, but they resulted in Eluvatar and McMasterdonia sharing some of the details of our ongoing investigation with the NSWFC. The information that was shared was the fact that Imkihca was being investigated, the nature of that investigation, and the general stance of TNP administrators on the evidence that had been collected. The NSWFC decided to ban Imki from the NSWF, then publicly referred questions on the matter to the TNP administration team.
Because the information had been released while our investigation was still ongoing, TNP admins were unable to answer the questions that resulted, or provide information as to whether or not Imkihca would ultimately be banned from the TNP forum.
During the course of our investigation, the concerns that were raised generally dealt with conduct over Discord, voice chats, or other, non-TNP forums. We went to great lengths to try to verify these reports, which required contacting individuals that might have been witness to the events in question or have direct knowledge of what occurred. Because of the research required to validate the evidence we had, our investigation took several months to complete. Once our investigation was finally complete, the admin team was unanimously opposed to a forum ban.
The purpose of the following analysis is to determine what went wrong on our end and prevent this sort of thing from happening again in the future.
Environmental Factors
There are several wider environmental factors that affected the underlying approach taken by admins to complaints that are filed. The #MeToo movement began in October 2017 and is part of a broad shift in public perception of harassment and inappropriate conduct. Related to that movement, a petition was brought to NationStates by Astarial (aka SillyString, one of the TNP admins) asking the moderators to better address repeat offenders who use the game to locate targets for offsite victimization. The petition gained wide support and resulted in changes to game policy to better protect players. Finally, and again related, there were sub-themes of harassment and online safety that surfaced in the 2017 World Fair.
Given this broader environment, accusations of harassment held a particular weight for us as administrators. In our desire to support victims and ensure a safe community, we acted rashly and did not do enough from the beginning to adequately investigate all aspects of the complaint we received.
Cultural Factors
This element of the analysis deals with the internal culture of TNP’s admin team. There are both strengths and weaknesses to be found here.
The strong point is that the admin team investigates all complaints it receives, even those which appear spurious. This is quite obviously the correct thing to do, and is a key component of ensuring that members of our community continue to feel comfortable filing reports. Moreover, the admin team investigates all complaints it receives, even those which appear to come from a reliable source. This is also correct practice, as it ensures that warnings and bans are handed out for good, demonstrable reasons, not on one person’s say-so.
A weak point, however, is that the admin team is not immune to familiarity bias. The case of Imkihca is not the first time this concern has been raised. Individuals who are well-known or who have been members of TNP’s community for a long time have sometimes been given more leeway than newer or unknown individuals.
In this particular instance, that bias manifested in an initial failure to critically examine testimony that we were provided by a respected member of the community when a unilateral discord ban of Imki was initiated in January 2017. At the time, the discord server was privately owned and not under administrative control. As this dynamic shifted and the discord server became integrated with forum administration, familiarity bias again allowed the ban to stand without proper review, when an investigation into the complaint should have commenced immediately.
Eventually, based on the growing scope of the complaint, the Admin team decided it needed to investigate fully to determine what action was warranted. Despite this decision, we were slow to properly vet the evidence we had received, and to take into account the broader context in which the complaints were filed. That Imkihca was not ultimately banned from our forum is due to robustness we found in other areas of our analysis, and not a lack of failure in this respect.
Procedural Factors
This element is the simplest of all: We had no procedures in place governing the sharing of information with other administration teams. Until this incident, sharing had generally been done on an ad-hoc basis, and we had zero guidelines for administrators facing an urgent situation.
To rectify this for the future, we have written such guidelines. Administrators are now subject to rules regarding what information can be shared with other administrators and with the public, and when. In drafting these rules, we have preserved an individual administrator’s ability to react to criminal or TOS-breaking behavior (such as porn-spamming), but now require multiple administrators to consent to sharing confidential information with other admin teams, and for a majority to consent to sharing information with the public. These new guidelines will be released in a separate thread, specifically for comments and concerns regarding their content.
While the new guidelines do require non-TNP admins to agree to respect our confidentiality rules, we cannot control whether they actually do so. Despite this, it is often necessary and desirable to share information with other administrative teams. Therefore, TNP administrators involved in any decision to share confidential information must carefully consider the character and reputation of the outside administrators receiving the information in question.
Staffing Factors
The ability of the admin team to handle complaints of this nature, to investigate such complaints, and to respond adequately is a concern. Specifically, no member of the TNP admin team has formal training on identifying or dealing with sexual or non-sexual harassment.
There are no quick and easy solutions to this problem. Professional training of this nature is not widely available to begin with, and even if it is available, is likely to cost a not-insignificant amount of money. A lack of training is a widespread problem for administrators of regional forums, not one unique to TNP.
One possible option is to add a new administrator on either a permanent or consulting basis who has had such training in the past, possibly as part of their RL job. This administrator would be able to use their expertise to assist in any future investigations, to ensure they are carried out properly.
Another option is to broaden administrative contacts throughout NationStates. TNP is not the only region which has received complaints of harassment, and there is no reason for us to rely solely on the skills and knowledge found among our admins. Reaching out to other admin teams who have fielded major investigations in order to learn from one another would help foster improvements across the board.
We intend to explore both of these options to see what is most feasible for our team.
Systematic Factors
Our analysis turned up no concerns regarding systematicity. As awful as it was, this incident is the sole one of its kind that has occurred. Information from private TNP admin discussions does not regularly find its way into the public domain. Moreover, we discovered no indication of espionage or malice in this case that could indicate a likelihood of future leaks.
Investigative Process Factors
While this may not be apparent to the general public, most admin discussions regarding the complaint and our investigations took place on discord, and not on the TNP forum. Although there are reasons why this was the case, it was not the correct medium to use. Discord is quick moving and chatty, and not conducive to detailed discussions or analysis. If a future investigation requires such depth, it will take place on the TNP forum. And if, in the future, it is necessary to hold a more private conversation than that (such as if a TNP admin is under investigation), some sort of private forum will be set up for that purpose.
Given the seriousness of the allegations we received, the amount of material we had to examine, and the fact that this occurred over the holidays, it is understandable that the investigation took two months (November to January) to conclude. We do not find fault with this length of time in and of itself - had everything occurred properly, members of the public would not have learned that there were any complaints against Imkihca, and our investigation would have wrapped up quietly. However, we concede that it is problematic that we were unable to move more quickly once that information did become public. Much of that can be attributed to a lack of a written procedure to follow for investigations of this nature. We were figuring things out as we went along and could not jump ahead to a later step. The best way to address this for the future is to formalize a process, as we have done with guidelines for releasing confidential information.
As for the rigor of our investigation, we looked into every claim that was made to see if it could be substantiated, and when additional allegations surfaced in the NSWF, we investigated those too. TNP had never undertaken its own investigation of this nature before, instead relying on evidence submitted to us in well-packaged form for previous investigations from other regions. We relied on Europeia’s exemplary investigation of Brunhilde as a contemporary model of what ours should look like, and what degree of proof we wanted to strive for.
We did not contact Imkihca in the course of our investigation for a response to the allegations. It is not our policy to contact those accused at the time evidence is given to us. Instead, we investigate the merits of that evidence to determine if it is valid and if it would be sufficient to warrant a ban. Only then do we contact the subject of the investigation for a statement. Because we did not find such evidence in this case, we determined that we did not need her side of the story in order to not ban her.
At this point, we consider our investigation complete. We understand that there might be some who remain concerned about Imkihca because these allegations occurred at all, and want to see for themselves the evidence that was gathered. However, we have no intention of compounding the harm done to her by releasing to the public any further information on the allegations or the evidence we examined.
Individual Factors
The actions of individuals cannot be overlooked in this analysis. McMasterdonia and Eluvatar served as admins of both TNP and the NSWF, and they both admit to having made serious mistakes.
The largest mistake, which they both made, was in misunderstanding the evidence that had been collected. They, alongside other members of the TNP admin team, initially interpreted the evidence as being more compelling and damaging than the team ultimately concluded it was. In this light, Eluvatar and McMasterdonia’s ensuing actions are understandable. Given their mistaken interpretation of the evidence, they felt not only justified in sharing the allegations, but obligated to do so for safety of the fair’s other participants.
Unfortunately, additional mistakes were made. They did not adequately ensure that the information, once shared, was kept private. Additionally they both experienced significant time away from NationStates while this was going on, which compounded the situation by impeding easy communication between administration teams.
Over the course of the past 6 months, McMasterdonia and Eluvatar have both stepped down as active administrators for a period of time. Eluvatar returned to active status on January 31, 2018, and McMasterdonia resumed his status two months later, on March 27. Because they both acted without malice and with the intent to do what they thought was best, and given that the team as a whole bears some culpability for our failures as described above, we will not be meting out punishment to either one.
Conclusion
The above analysis is wide-ranging and long, covering a number of angles. Despite the best of intentions, our admin team made some serious mistakes in this investigation. In the future, investigations of conduct outside of our forum by our admin team will need rigorous examination at all stages, from interviews, to submissions, to deciding on measures to take, to deciding on announcement or sharing. The key takeaways are as follows:
- The admin team has drafted and approved a new confidentiality policy
- We determined a need for Internal protocols to be written on how to conduct an investigation
- We identified a need to reach out to other administration teams to share best practices
We recognize that this document is not going to satisfy everyone, or maybe anyone. We invite members of TNP to share their concerns and comments. Constructive criticism from outside of TNP is also welcome, but TNP admins serve at the pleasure of TNP, not NS as a whole.