Riots and Civil Disorders in Politics and Economics

Mr Insanity

Mr Insanity

TNPer
Riots and Civil Disorders in Politics and Economics:​
(I got all my informations and reference from Wikipedia.)
(Sorry, I have to post as single posts because I can't post on one post. It cause to be long for the post.)
.....
If you have any other information of riots and civil disorders in politics and economics, please tell us?

(I have more for this but I just going to this partly because there is a lot for this. Also I'm going to updated this and adding more to it when I got time for it.)

(Please tell me if I make any mistake in my english and grammar, because I have a learning difficult which affect my english and grammar.)

(PLEASE POST YOUR POST HERE: http://forum.thenorthpacific.org/topic/7419041/1/?x=90 .)
 
The 2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests was a series of protest of varying levels of violence which took place early in 2012 in response to the burning of Islamic religious material by solders from the United States of America Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. On 22 February 2012, US troops at Bagram Base disposed copies of the Quran that had been used by Taliban prisoners to write messages to each other. As part of the disposal, part of the books were burned. Afghan forces working at the base reported this, resulting in outraged Afghans besieging Bagram AFB, raining it with petrol bombs and stones. After five days of protest, 30 people had been killed including four Americans. Over 200 people were wounded. International condemnation followed the burning of copies of the Quran, on 22 February 2012, from the library that is used by inmates at the base’s detention facility. The protests included domestic riots which caused at least 41 deaths and at least 270 injuries.
More information on it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Afghanistan_Quran_burning_protests .
.....
 
The Albanian Rebellion of 1997, also known as the Albanian Unrest of 1997 (Albanian: Rebelimi i vitit 1997), or the Pyramid Crisis or (improperly) the Albanian Anarchy of 1997, was an uprising sparked by Ponzi scheme failures. Albania descended into civil disorder and violence in which the government was toppled and 2,000 people were killed.
By January 1997 the people of Albania, who had lost $1.2 billion (out of a small population of three million), took their protest to the streets. Beginning in February, thousands of citizens launched daily protests demanding reimbursement by the government, which they believed was profiting from the schemes. On 1 March, Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi resigned and on 2 March, President Sali Berisha declared a state of emergency. On 11 March, the Socialist Party of Albania won a major victory when their leader Bashkim Fino was appointed prime minster. However, the transfer of power did not halt the unrest, and protests spread to northern Albania. Although the government quelled revolts in the north, the ability of the government and military to maintain order began to collapse, especially in the southern half of Albania, which fell under the control of rebels and Socialist forces.
All major population centres were engulfed in demonstrations by 13 March and foreign countries began to evacuate their citizens. These evacuations included Operation Libelle, Operation Silver Wake and Operation Kosmas. The United Nations Security Council, in Resolution 1101, authorized a force of 7,000 on 28 March to direct relief efforts and to restore order to Albania. The UN feared the unrest would spread beyond Albania’s borders and send refugees through Europe. On 15 April, the 7,000 troops launched Operation Sunrise, an Italian-led mission that helped restore rule of law. After the unrest, over 25,000 guns were transported to Kosovo and the guerrilla forces of the ethnic Albanian, Kosovo Liberation Army received considerable armaments.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Rebellion_of_1997 .
A referendum on restoring the monarchy was held in Albania on 29 June 1997 alongside parliamentary elections. The proposal was rejected by 66.7% of voters, although Crown Prince Leka claimed that 65.7% voted in favour.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_monarchy_referendum,_1997 .
Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 29 June 1997 alongside a simultaneous referendum on restoring the monarchy, with a second round of voting for 32 seats on 6 July. The result was a victory for the Socialist Party of Albania, which won 101 of the 151 seats. Voter turnout was 72.6%.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_parliamentary_election,_1997 .
Garda e Republikës (Albanian) (English = Republican Guards) was a military unit, created on 24 June 1928, and its main task was protecting government buildings in Albania. The army troops were under interior ministry command and guarded government institutions and senior officials. In September 2013, the Minister of Interior, Sajmir Tahiri, ordered the dissolution of the Albanian Republican Guard. The Guard will become part of Albanian Police.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Republican_Guard .
The Massacre of Cërrik (Albanian: Masakra e Cërrikut) was the killing of army officers of the Garda e Republikës (Albanian) (English = Albanian Republican Guard) in Cërrik during the 1997 rebellion in Albania.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_Cërrik .
Committee of Public Salvation or Salvation Committees (Albanian: Komiteti i Shpëtimit Publik) were organizations set up during the 1997 rebellion in Albania. They were established in many regions of the country and usurped the functions of the Albanian state.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Salvation .
The Democratic Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë, PD) is a conservative political party in Albania. The party has been the leading party in the governing coalition since the 2005 parliamentary elections. It is an observer member of the European people’s party (EPP) and a full member of the International Democrat Union and Centrist Democrat International. Rilindja Demokratike is the party’s official newspaper.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania .
Desertion of 4 March 1997 (Albanian: Dezertimi i 4 Marsit 1997) was the desertion of two Air Force pilots to RA, Agron Dajçi Ardian Elezi and their departure to Italy. The incident caused a diplomatic scandal and an irritation of the situation between the rebels and the government.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertion_of_4_March_1997 .
Forum for Democracy (Albanian: Forumi për Demokrac) was an opposition group created in January 1997, in support of anti-government protesters and opposition and President Sali Berisha. On his head was placed Daut Gumeni recommended by Soros, Fatos Lubonja from The Albanian Helsinki Committee (AHC was known for anti-Berisha positions) and Kurt Kola President of the Association of Politically Persecuted (also indebted to the people). The Forum was formed by three opposition parties, Socialist party, Social Democratic Party and Democratic Alliance Party with the support of the American Embassy in Albania, led by Marisa Lino. Forum Activity fell throughout the month of February, during which most of the protest organized in Tirana and Vlora. Despite stating that protests would be peaceful, any protest organized by the Forum turned violent. Forum main requirements were: the government’s resignation, the resignation of the President, early elections and full refund of the money of Albanians who had lost in pyramid schemes. Forum unconditionally supported the hunger strike of students Vlora and called for dialogue with President Berisha conditional. With the start of armed rebellion, after the 28 February incident, the role of the Forum and disappeared on March 4 1997, Forum for Democracy was replaced by committees of Public Salvation.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy .
Gang of Çole (Albanian: Banda e Çoles or Banda e Zani Çaushit) was a criminal group that operated in the city of Vlora during 1997-1999. The peak of their criminal activity was during March-June 1997, when anarchy reigned in the South. Gang members were charged with creation of the criminal group, possession of military vehicles, homicides, kidnappings, giving penitence, destruction of state institutions, drug trafficking and even the burning of their rivals.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_of_Çole .
Gang of Gaxhai (Albania: Banda e Gaxhait) was a criminal group created in March 1997 that operated in the city of Vlora during 1997, peaking of the criminal activity was during the period March-June 1997, when anarchy reigned in the South. The gang was established by Gazmend Barka, also known as Gaxhai, with some friends from the village of Cerkovinë, the city of Vlorë and other southern cities. Their main rivals were the Gang of Çole (Albanian: Banda e Çoles). Upon completion of the rebellion and the arrest of members of two gangs, the war between them ended.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_of_Gaxhai .
Gang of Push I Mezinit (Albanian: Banda e Pusit të Mezinit) was a criminal group with activities throughout southern Albania. Origin of the members of this band was from across the south of the country. Most of them had been imprisoned during the communist regime for crimes. Called by his nickname “The Strongest of the South”, this band had as main rival Gang of Çole led by Zani Çaushi. Banda was the well to brother ardent supporter of the Democratic Party, and apparently this caused even their elimination.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_of_Pusi_i_Mezinit .
Government of National Reconciliation (Albanian: Qeveria e Pajtimit Kombëtar) Albania was the government that presided over Albania from 9 March 1997-29 June 1997. It was created as a result of the events of 1997, Spurred by the collapse of pyramid schemes. This government came a week after the resignation of the government of Alexander Meksi, on 2 March 1996. This government was created thanks to the major political parties of the country and international intervention. On 6 and 9 March 1997, at the height of unrest in the country, political forces signed the agreement on creation the new government, with broad political participation. Its President was elected Socialist Bashkim Fino, mayor of Gjirokastër. The new government was voted on 11 March 1997 by Parliament and promulgated by the President of the Republic, Sali Berisha on 12 March.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_National_Reconciliation .
The Massacre of 28 February 1997 was the attack on SHIK building in Vlorë.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_28_February_1997 .
Operation Alba (“Sunrise”) was a multinational peacekeeping force sent to Albania in 1997. Led by Italy, it was intended to help the Albanian government restore law and order in their troubled country after the 1997 rebellion Albania.
Following the degenerating loss of administrative control by the government in the first days of March 1997, culminating in the desertion of most police and many Republican Guard and Army units, leaving their armouries open to the inevitable looting which soon followed, several Nations autonomously helped evacuate their nationals, causing wider concerns about the fate of others. The UN Security Council therefore agreed United Nations Security Council Resolution 1101 as a stop-gap operation to manage this and buy time, laying the foundations for another intentional organisation to manage a planned reconstruction, which after six weeks of debate fell to the Western European Union, creating the multinational Albanian Police Element around a command structure of Italian Military Carabineri, which actually undertook the work of judicial and police reconstruction, extending into the elimination of the economic causes of the crisis.
The Italian 3rd Army Corps assumed responsibility for the stop-gap mission as Operation Alba, the first multinational Italian-led Mission since WWII. Eleven contributing European Nations brought humanitarian aid to a country that was in a dramatic economic and political situation.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Alba .
Operation Dragonfly, in German Operation Libelle, was an evacuation operation of the German Armed Forces in the Albanian capital Tirana on March 14, 1997. In the same week, American, British and Italian military forces evacuated their citizens from Albania. Operation Libelle is known in Germany as the first time since World War II that German infantry soldiers fired shots in actual combat.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Libelle .
Operation Silver Wake was a non-combatant evacuation operation (NEO) led by the United States to evacuate American citizens, non-combatants and designated third country nationals from Albania in March 1997. The operation was performed by U.S. Marines from the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit conducting operations from the USS Nassau Amphibious Readiness Group. U.S. Marines from 1st Battalion, 8th Marines secured the U.S. housing compound and held the U.S. Embassy. Over 900 personnel were evacuated during the course of the operation.
Some of the awards presented to participating units included the Meritorious Unite Commendation, Joint Meritorious Unit Award and the Humanitarian Service Medal. Selected Marines were also awarded the Combat Action Ribbon.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Silver_Wake .
The tragedy of Otranto took place on 28 March 1997 when the Albanian ship Kateri i Radës sank in a collision with the Italian naval vessel Sibilia in the Strait of Otranto and 83 Albanians lost their lives. The emigrants had been part of a large migration of Albanians to Italy following the Lottery Uprising in Albania, a popular uprising that took place after the collapse of several investment pyramid schemes. In order to prevent the unauthorized entry of illegal migrants into Italy, the Italian Navy set up a procedure to board Albanian vessels whenever encountered, implementing a de facto blockade.
In proceeding to carry out a boarding, the Italian vessel Sibilia collided with Kateri i Radës and capsized it, resulting in the Albanian deaths. The captains of both ships were held responsible for “shipwreck and multiple manslaughter”. The event raised questions over the extent of power that a state may exercise to protect itself from unauthorized entry. Arguments were presented that a state must limit coercive actions that are disproportionate to the risk of unauthorized entry. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees criticized the Italian blockade as illegal since it had been established solely through an intergovernmental agreement with Albania.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_Otranto .
Pyramid schemes in Albania were Ponzi schemes that precipitated the 1997 unrest in Albania. They started operations in 1991 with the first being formed by Hajdin Sejdia, former economic advisor of Prime Minister Fatos Nano.
After starting works for the construction of an alleged hotel in central Tirana, he escaped to Switzerland with several million dollars. The area became known as Hajdin Sejdia’s Hole. Later it was filled back by crews to create a local park, but since then quickly turned into an area used by the local prostitution scene. Following the events, some creditors were liquidated while others not. It is alleged that most of the sums are still held in foreign banks.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_schemes_in_Albania .
The media had paramount role in the riots of 1997 in Albania. They contributed a lot in creating the images on the Albanians, but also on the rebel movements and government forces.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_1997_rebellion_in_Albania .
The state Intelligence Service (Albanian: Shërbimi Informativ Shtetëror), commonly known by its acronym SHISH, is the primary intelligence agency of Albania. It was preceded by the SHIK.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHISH .
The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë, PS), is a social-democratic political party in Albania; it gained power following the 2013 parliamentary election. The party seated 66 MPs in the 2009 Albanian parliament (out of a total of 140). It achieved power in 1997 after a political crisis and governmental realignment. In the 2001 parliamentary election the party secure 73 seats in the parliament, which enabled it to form the government. In the general election of 3 July 2005, the Socialist Party lost its majority and the Democratic Party of Albania (PD) formed the new government, having secured, with its allies, a majority of 81 seats.
The Socialist Party of Albania is an associate of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and a member of the Socialist International. Its official newspaper is Zëri i Popullit, which had been the organ of its predecessor, the Communist Party of Labour of Albania.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania .
The Krrabë Stealing (Albanian: Ngjarja e Krrabës) was the stealing of gold of the Albanian state treasury on April 24, 1997. The treasury, hidden in tunnels near Krrabë, consisted of 340 kilograms of fold in fold, banknotes and other items.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealing_of_Krraba_State_Treasury .
The stealing of Northern State Treasury (Albanian: Grabitja e Thesarit të Veriut) was stolen by force from the Treasury building in Shkodër in March 1997. The amount of money stolen was approximately 6 million U.S. dollars. The event was described as the one of the greatest robberies in the history of the Balkans.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealing_of_Northern_State_Treasury .
Tragedy of Qafë Shtama (Albanian: Tragjedia e Qafë Shtamës) was an explosion that occurred at an arms depot on 29 April 1997, at Qafë Shtama in the village Selitë in Burrel. The incident resulted in the death of 22 of 200 village residents. The event was caused by some villagers attempting to break into the depot, with most of the victims coming from the same family.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_Qafë_Shtama .
United Nations Security Council resolution 1101, adopted on 28 March 1996, after reiterating its concern over the situation in Albania, the council established a multinational protection force in the country to create conditions to facilitate humanitarian assistance.
The Security Council noted that the situation in Albania, triggered by the failure of the Ponzi scheme, had deteriorated, and the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union were attempting to find a peaceful resolution to the situation. It was convinced that the situation in Albania posed a threat to the peace and security of the region, reflecting concern by diplomats of the unrest spilling into other ethnically Albanian areas of the Balkans.
The resolution, drafted by Italy, condemned the outbreak of violence and called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. Some countries had offered to establish a temporary and limited multinational protection force to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance and create a secure environment for international humanitarian organisations. Italy had proposed to lead the force. The Council then authorised states in that operation (Operation Alba) to conduct the operation in a neutral and impartial way and, under chapter VII of the United Nations charter, further directed the states to ensure the freedom of movement and security of the multinational force.
It was decided that the operation would last for a period of three months, and that its cost will be borne by countries participating in it. The contributing states were requested to report to the council every two weeks on consultations between it and the government of Albania and to co-operate with the authorities in the country.
Resolution 1101 was adopted by 14 votes to none against with one abstention from China, which stated that the situation was internal affair of Albania, but, given Albania’s request for assistance, did not veto the resolution.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1101 .
United Nations Security Council resolution 1114, adopted on 19 June 1997, after recalling Resolution 1001 (1997) on the situation in Albania, the Council authorised an extension to the multinational force in the country for a further 45 days, beginning on 28 June 1997.
The Council appreciated the impartial way in which the Council’s mandate had been carried out by the multinational protection force in Albanian and for its collaboration with the Albanian authorities. The force was authorised in the wake of the rebellion in the country caused by the failure of the Ponzi scheme. It was noted that violence was still continuing, and given that parliamentary elections were due to take place, a limited extension was necessary.
All violence in the country was condemned and was urged to cease immediately. The countries contributing to the protection force were asked to bear the cost of the operation and, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, were authorised to secure the safety and freedom of movement of the multinational force and monitors from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The provision of humanitarian assistance was stressed through co-operation with the Government of Albania, the OSCE, European Union, United Nations and international organisations. Finally, the participating states were required to submit regular reports on their operations to the Council.
The resolution was adopted by 14 votes to none against, with one abstention from China, which was against what it called 2interference in the internal affairs of Albania”, and had opposed the earlier intervention authorised in Resolution 1001. Given Albanian’s request for assistance however, it did not veto the resolution.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1114 .
The Massacre of Ura Vajgurore occurred on 17 June 1997 in the town of Ura Vajgurore, Albania. Five people were killed and six wounded, all police officers.
More information to it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_Ura_Vajgurore .
The 2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations (also known as January 21 events) were series of anti-government protests in cities around Albania following 18 months of political conflict over alleged electoral fraud by the opposition. A video surfaced which portrayed the vice-prime minister arranging a corrupt deal with the minister of economy. The public outcry over the video resulted in the resignation of the deputy prime minister. A demonstration was called by parliamentary opposition parties, which include the Socialist Party and the Unity for Human Rights Party. These were called on 21 January in order to protest the alleged corruption of the Albanian government as well as widespread unemployment and poverty in the country.
On 21 January, a protest in Tirana led to the killings of three demonstrators by the Republican Guard during a rally in front of Prime Minister Sali Berisha’s office. A fourth person died several days later in a hospital in Ankara, Turkey.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Albanian_opposition_demonstrations .
Tringë Smajl Martini Ivezaj (1880-1917), known simply as Tringe Smajli, and as Yanitza outstide Albania, was Albanian guerrilla fighter who fought against the Ottoman Empire in the Malësia region. She was the daughter of Smajl Martini, a Catholic clan leader of the Grudë tribe of Malësia.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tringe_Smajli .
.....
 
The 2010-2012 Algerian protests was a continuing series of protests taking place throughout Algeria, which started on 28 December 2010. They have been inspired by similar protests across the Middle East and North Africa. Causes cited by the protestors include unemployment, the lack of housing, food-price inflation, corruption, restrictions on freedom of speech and poor living conditions. While localised protests were already commonplace over previous years, extending into December 2010, an unprecedented wave of simultaneous protests and riots, parked by sudden rises in staple food prices, erupted all over the country starting in January 2011. These were quelled by government measures to lower food prices, but were followed by a wave of self-immolations, most of them in front of government buildings. Opposition parties, unions, and human rights organisations then began to hold weekly demonstrations, despite these being illegal without government permission under the ongoing state of emergency; the government suppressed these demonstrations as far as possible, but in late February yielded to pressure and lifted the state of emergency. Meanwhile, protests by unemployed youth, typically citing unemployment, hogra (oppression), and infrastructure problems, resumed, occurring almost daily in towns scattered all over the country.

More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010–12_Algerian_protests .
.....
 
The Mutiny of Álzaga (Spanish: Asonada de Álzaga) was an ill-fated attempt to remove Santiago De Liniers as viceroy of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata. It took place on January 1, 1809, and it was led by the merchant Martin De Álzaga. The troops of Cornelio Saavdra, head of the Regiment of Patricians, defeated it and kept Liniers in power.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny_of_Álzaga .
When the May Revolution took place in Buenos Aires (modern Argentina) in 1810, the former viceroy Santiago De Liniers led an ill-fated counter-revolutionary attempt from the city of Córdoba. It was quickly thwarted by the patriotic forces of the newly formed Army of the North, led by Ortiz De Ocampo, who captured the leaders and dispatched them to Buenos Aires as prisoners. Fearing a political commotion, the Primera Junta ordered Juan José Castelli to intercept the party before the arrival, take command of the army and execute the prisoners by firing squad.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liniers_Counter-revolution .
The Freemen of the South (Spanish: Libres del sur) was an 1839 rebellion against Juan Manuel De Rosas, which took place in south Buenos Aires province. A group of ranchers took control of Dolores, Chascomús and Tandil, and expected to join forces with the Unitarian Juan Lavalle, who led an army from Uruguay. The rebellion was defeated during the battle of Chascomús.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemen_of_the_South .
The Revolution of the Park (Spanish: Revolución del Parque), also known as the Revolution of ’90, was an uprising against the national government of Argentina that took place on July 26, 1890 and started with the takeover of the Buenos Aires Artillery Park. It was led by members of the Civic Union (which would later give rise to the modern Radical Civic Union) against the presidency of Miguel Juárez Celman (of the National Autonomist Party). Though it failed in its main goals, the revolution forced Juárez Celman’s resignation and marked the decline of the elite of the Generation of ’80.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_the_Park .
The Argentine Revolution of 1905 also known as the Radical Revolution of 1905 was a civil-military uprising organized by the Radical Civic Union and headed by Hipólito Yrigoyen against the ollgarchic dominance known as the Roquismo led by Julio Argentino Roca and his National Autonomist Party.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Revolution_of_1905 .
Tragic Week (Spanish: Semana Trágica) was series of riots and massacres that took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the week of January 7, 1919. The riot was led by anarchists and communists, and was eventually crushed by the Argentine Federal Police under Luis Dellepiane and the intervention of the Argentine Army, Argentine Marine Corps and Argentine Navy.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Argentina) .
Patagonia Rebelde (or Patagonia trágica) (“Rebel Patagonia” or “Tragic Patagonia” in English) was the name given to the violent suppression of a rural worker’s trike in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz in Patagonia between 1920 and 1922. The uprising was put down by Colonel Héctor Benigno Varela’s 10th Cavalry Regiment of the Argentine Army under the orders of President Hipólito Yrigoyen. Approximately 1,500 rural workers were shot and killed by the Argentine Army in the course of the operations, many of them executed by firing squads after surrendering. Most of the executed were Spanish and Chilean workers who had sought refuge in Patagonia after their strike in the city of Puerto Natales in southern Chile on 27 July 1920 was crushed by the Chilean authorities, at the cost of four carabineers killed. At least two Argentine soldiers (Corporal Domingo Montenegro and Private Fernando Pablo Fischer), three local policeman (Sergeant Tomás Rosa and Constables Ernesto Bozán and Juan Campos) and a number of ranch owners and their family members also died during Tragic Patagonia.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonia_rebelde .
The bombing of Plaza De Mayo was massacre which took place in Buenos Aries, Argentina, on 16 June 1955. On that day, thirty aircraft from the Argentine Navy and Air Force strafed and bombed Plaza De Mayo square in Buenos Aires, in what remains to this day the largest aerial bombing ever on the Argentine mainland. The attack targeted the adjacent Casi Rosada, the official seat of government, as a large crowd was expressing support for President Juan Perón. The strike took place during a day of official public demonstrations to condemn the burning of a national flag allegedly carried out by detractors of Perón during the recent procession of Corpus Christi. The action was to be the first step in an eventually aborted coup d'état.
The absolute disregard for human life and the violence with which the act was carried out, of a magnitude never seen before in Argentina, makes it comparable with the wave of state terrorism that would appear years later in the country.

More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo .
The 1963 Argentine Navy Revolt was a failed coup attempted by elements of the Argentine military that lasted from April 2 to April 3 in 1963. The revolt was attempted by military officers that wanted the government to take a hardline stance against the political participation of Peronist politicians. The revolt failed to gain much support in the Army and Air Force, and these latter two branches suppressed the revolt after some fighting that left 24 dead. The Argentine elections of 1963 proceeded as planned in July and the Argentine Navy saw a reduction of its influence.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Argentine_Navy_Revolt .
The Cordobazo was civil uprising in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, in the end of May 1969, during the military dictatorship of General Juan Carlos Ongania, which occurred a few days after the Rosariazo, and a year after the French May ’68. Contrary to previous protests, the Cordobazo did not correspond to previous struggles, headed by Marxist workers’ leaders, but associated students and workers in the same struggle against the military government.
On 29 May 1969 there was a general strike in Córdoba, which brought police repression and a civil uprising, an episode later termed the Cordobazo. The next day the CGT De Los Argentinos, headed in Cordoba by Agustin Tosco, called for national strike.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordobazo .
The Rosariazo (Spanish pronunciation: [rosa??jaso]) was a protest movement that consisted in demonstrations and strikes, in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina, between May and September 1969, during the military dictatorial rule of de facto President General Juan Carlos Ongania. The Rosariazo was caused by events in other parts of Argentina, and in turn triggered similar protests itself.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosariazo .
The 1989 food riots were a series of riots and related episodes of looting in stores and supermarkets in Argentina, during the last part of the presidency of Raúl Alfonsin, between May and June 1989. The riots were caused by the rampant hyperinflation and food shortage, and were associated with legal protests and demonstrations.
The first riots started in Rosario, the third-largest city in the country, when people demanded supermarkets to give away food; they quickly spread to other cities, including Greater Buenos Aires. The national government established a state of emergency. More than 40 people were arrested, and there were 14 dead (20 according to unofficial reports). Eventually President Alfonsin resigned, and president elect Carlos Menem took office six months in advance, in July.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_riots_in_Argentina .
The December 2001 uprising was a period of civil unrest and rioting in Argentina, which took place during December 2001, with the most violent incidents taking place on December 19 and December 20 in the capital, Buenos Aires, Rosario and other large cities around the country.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2001_riots_in_Argentina .
The 2013 Police revolts in Argentina were a series of protests by provincial police in effective claims for better pay and working conditions, which affected provinces of Argentina.
Some of the strike methods consisted of neglecting of duty and breaking into public buildings. Due to this situation, looting began to occur in some cities, Córdoba being the most affected, followed by Tucumán. The riots began on 3 December and ended ten days later.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_police_revolts_in_Argentina .
.....
 
The Eureka Rebellion in 1854 was a rebellion of gold miners of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, who revolted against the colonial authority of the United Kingdom. The battle of the Eureka Stockade, by which the rebellion is popularly known, was fought between miners and the colonial forces of Australia on 3 December 1854 at Eureka Lead and named for the stockade structure erected by miners during the conflict. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of at least 27 people, the majority of whom were rebels.
The event was the culmination of a period civil disobedience in the Ballarat region during the Victorian gold rush with miners objecting to the expense of a Miner’s Licence, taxation via the licence without representation and the actions of the government, the police and military. The local rebellion grew from a Ballarat Reform League movement and culminated in the erection by the rebels of a crude battlement and a swift and deadly siege by colonial forces.
Mass public support for the captured rebels in the colony’s capital of Melbourne when they were placed on trial resulted in the introduction of the Electoral Act 1856, which mandated full white male suffrage for elections for the lower house in the Victorian parliament, the second instituted political democracy in Australia. As such, the Eureka Rebellion is controversially identified with the birth of democracy in Australia and interpreted by some as a political revolt.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_Rebellion .
The Buckland riot was an anti-Chinese race riot that occurred on 4 July 1857, in the goldfields of the Buckland Valley, Victoria Australia, near present-day Porepunkah. At the time approximately 2000 Chinese and 700 European migrants were living in the Buckland area.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckland_riot .
The lambing Flat riots were a series of violent anti-Chinese demonstrations that took place in the Burrangong region, in New South Wales, Australia. They occurred on the goldfield at Spring Creek, Stoney Creek, Back Creek, Wombat, Blackguard Gully, Tipperary Gully, and Lambing Flat (now Young, New South Wales), 1860-1861.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambing_Flat_riots .
The Sydney Riot of 1879 was a civil disorder that occurred at an early international cricket match. It took place in Sydney, Australia, at the Association Ground, Moore Park, now known as the Sydney Cricket Ground, during a match between a touring English team captained by Lord Harris and New South Wales, led by Dave Gregory, who was also the captain of Australia. The riot was sparked by a controversial umpiring decision, when star Australian batsman Billy Murdoch was given out by George Coulthard, a Victorian employed by the Englishmen. The dismissal caused an uproar among the parochial spectators, many of whom surged on the pitch and assaulted Coulthard and some English players. It was alleged that illegal gamblers in the New South Wales pavilion, who had bet heavily on the home side, encouraged the riot because the tourists were in a dominant position and looked set to win. Another theory given to explain the anger was that of intercolonial rivalry, that the New South Wales crowd objected to what they perceived to be a slight from a Victorian umpire.
The pitch invasion occurred while Gregory halted the match by not sending out a replacement for Murdoch. The New South Wales skipper called on Lord Harris to remove umpire Coulthard, whom he considered to be inept or biased, but his English counterpart declined. The other umpire, Edmund Barton, defended Coulthard and Lord Harris, saying that the decision against Murdoch was correct and that the English had conducted themselves appropriately. Eventually, Gregory agreed to resume the match without the removal of Coulthard. However, the crowd continued to disrupt proceedings, and play was abandoned for the day. Upon resumption after the Sunday rest day, Lord Harris’s men won convincingly by an innings.
In the immediate aftermath of the riot, the England team cancelled the remaining games they were scheduled to play in Sydney. The incident also caused much press comment in England and Australia. In Australia, the newspapers were united in condemning the unrest, viewing the chaos a national humiliation and a public relations disaster. An open letter by Lord Harris about the incident was later published in English newspapers, and caused fresh outrage in New South Wales when it was reprinted by the Australian newspapers. A defensive letter written in response by the New South Wales Cricket Association further damaged relations. The affair led to a breakdown of goodwill that threatened the future of Anglo-Australian cricket relations. However, friction between the cricketing authorities finally eased when Lord Harris agreed to lead an England representative side at The Oval in London against the touring Australians in 1880; this match became the fourth-ever Test and cemented the tradition of Anglo-Australian Test matches.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Riot_of_1879 .
The Battle of the Wazzir was the name given to a riot that took place in Cairo, Egypt, on 2 April 1915 during World War I. The riot took hold in a street called “Haret El Wasser”, an area of Cairo where there were a large number of brothels and drinking establishments. At its peak about 2,500 Australian and New Zealand soldiers were involved, many of whom were intoxicated. The soldiers were reported to have had an assortment of complaints, including recent price increases, poor quality drinks, and concerns about the spread of venereal disease. The riot resulted in considerable damage – estimated at several hundred pounds worth – to several brothels which were set on fire; firefighters who responded to the blaze were also accosted. In response, mounted police were dispatched, as well as yeomanry, Lancashire Territorial and military police. A second incident occurred on 31 July 1915, which was subsequently described as the “Second Battle of the Wazzir”.
In February 1919, the Auckland Star recounted another incident following the armistice:
“Several thousand Tommies took Cairo by storm, and there was looting far and wide. Many shrewd attempts were made to entice the Aussies into the mob, but they were not biting. Not content with stuffing bags with spoil, the maffickers passed on the Anzac Hotel, making a wreck of that institution, through it has been almost entirely a Tommy concern since the Australian infantry’s departure, and has provided them with the only lodging with their mean, together with the cheapest good quality meals. A descent was also made on the Australian and Maorilander soldiers’ club, and one small patch of Aussies left us, but a few willing Diggers soon settled that argument. The G.O.C. troops in Egypt has issued a public proclamation thanking the Australians and Maorilander for their strong support in limiting and quelling the outbreak. Since certain still-not-to-be-mentioned proceedings at the Wazzir, retaliation for numerous murders and fatal doping, the Australians have had mud thrown at them on every possible occasion. Just as frequently they have been told to take an example from the disciplined Tommy. Now those dabblers in pitch are floundering in their own defilement.” – Auckland Star, Auckland Star, 27 February 1919, P4 and Poverty Bay Herald, 7 March 1919, P6.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wazzir .
The Liverpool Riot of 1916 also known as the Battle of Central Station was an event in Sydney, Australia where a large group of Australian soldiers rioted through the streets of Sydney and surrounding areas.
Following Australia’s entry into World War I, many Australian men volunteered to fight in Europe and were stationed in camps around Australia to receive military training before being shipped to the front. At 9:00 AM on 14 February 1916, at Casula Camp in Liverpool in Sydney’s south west, it was announced to the recruits that the current training session would be extended into the evening, meaning a 27 hour stretch for some of the recruits. Five thousand recruits refused to accept extra duty and went on strike to protest the poor conditions at the camp. The soldiers left the camp and marched towards the centre of Liverpool, where they were joined by other recruits from camps around the area. The number of protesters now reached as many as 15,000. They invaded a number of local hotels, drinking the bars dry, refusing to pay and started to vandalise buildings.
The soldiers then gained control of Liverpool train station, overpowered the engineers and commandeered trains heading towards Sydney, where they began rampaging drunkenly through Sydney streets, smashing windows and targeting anyone with a foreign sounding name including Italian restaurants, even though Italy was an ally of Australia in the war. Shops and hotels were looted and people were forced to take refuge in churches to avoid the soldiers. Police reinforcement were called in and began battling the soldiers in the streets of Sydney.
At Sydney’s Central Railway Station, armed military guards found a group of over a hundred drunken soldiers destroying a toilet block and demanded they surrender. A shot was fired by a rioting soldier over the guards’ heads and in response the guards returned fire, killing one soldier and seriously injuring eight others. This incident had a sobering effect on the soldiers and many began surrendering to police and military guards, although small bands of soldiers continued to cause damage throughout the night.
Following the riot, described as the “most disgraceful episode in our military history,” about a thousand soldiers were court-martialled and either gaoled or discharged from the army. However, Australia was desperate for recruits to fight the war, so many soldiers escaped punishment and were sent overseas while the government, anxious to keep the image of the Australian digger as positive as possible, discouraged the media from covering the event.
As a result of the riots, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania introduced 6.00 PM closing of hotels to guard against a repeat occurrence, matching South Australia’s introduction the previous year. It was not until 1955 that New South Wales closing was extended to 10 PM.

More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_riot_of_1916 .
The Red Flag Riots were a series of violent demonstrations and attacks that occurred in Brisbane, Australia over the course of 1918-1919. The attacks were largely undertaken by returned soldiers from the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and were focused upon socialists and other elements of society that the ex-servicemen considered to be disloyal. The name was coined because of the flags that a number of the demonstrators carried, which were associated with the trade union movement and which were banned under the War Precautions Act. The most notable incident occurred on 24 March 1919, when a crowd of about 8,000 ex-servicemen clashed with police who were preventing them from attacking the Russian Hall in Merivale Street, South Brisbane.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Flag_Riots .
A series of riots involving some members of the Japanese and Indonesian (mainly from Kupang in Timor) communities took place in Broome, a town in northern Western Australia in December 1920.
At the time of the riots, Broome – a town of around 5,000 people – had an ethnically diverse population with “whites” (European Australians), a minority of 900. The industry of the town was mostly based on pearl fishing, and the majority of the town worked in this occupation.
The Japanese had established themselves as a tight knit community and were successful in the pearling business.
The background to the racial violence was based around the layoff period, in December 1920. This was period in the pearling season when diving stopped and crews were laid off until the next season, generally resulting with the crews being let at loose ends in the town. There had previously been race based violence between the Japanese and the Koepanger ladder in Broome, and often used this against the Koepanger population who were generally not as fortunate.
The exact origins of the start of the conflict was unclear, but the number of small fights broke out between the two groups. The Koepangers were smaller in stature and number, only 400 of them while there were 2000 Japanese. While the European population were celebrating Christmas, tension spread, and more violence occurred, eventually resulting in a death. The police tried to quell the disturbances, eventually having to fire warning shot against crowds of up to 400 Japanese, some of who were armed with guns.
Police officers generally tried to rescue the Koepangers, many of whom fled the town, or sought sanctuary in white establishments or the police station. Other ethnic groups kept out of the fracas, though there was risk of their involvement. Armed Japanese and Koepanger groups attacked each other for days, with whites trying to keep them at bay. Eventually enough people were deputised and the town was locked down, with the groups separated from each other, and the Japanese Consul appealing to the Japanese community to stop the violence.
At the end of the riots, five Koepangers, two Japanese and one police officer had been killed, and 60 people were injured.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broome_race_riots_of_1920 .
The 1923 Victorian Police strike occurred in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. On the eve of the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival in November 1923, half the police force in Melbourne went on strike over the operation of a supervisory system using labour spies. Riots and looting followed as crowds poured forth from Flinders Street Station on the Friday and Saturday night and made their way up Elizabeth and Swanston Streets, smashing shops windows, looting and overturning trams.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Victorian_Police_strike .
On 16 December 1929, New South Wales Police drew their revolvers and shot into a crowd of locked-out miners in the New South Wales town of Rothbury in Australia, killing a 29-year-old spectator, Norman Brown, and injuring approximately forth-five miners. The incident became known as the Rothbury affair or the Rothbury riot.
In 1929 colliery owners on the Northern New South Wales coalfields combined as the Northern Collieries Association. On Thursday 14 February 1929 the mine employers gave their 9,750 employees 14 days’ notice, that they (the miners) should accept the following new conditions:
“A wage reduction of 12 half per cent on the contract rates, one shilling ($0.10) a day on the “day wage” rate; all lodges must give the colliery managers the right to hire and fire without regard to seniority; all lodges must agree to discontinue pit-top meetings and pit stoppages”.
The miners refused to accept these terms, and on Saturday 2 March 1929, all miners were “locked out” of their employment.
In September 1929, the NSW State Parliament introduced an Unlawful Assembly Act designed to suppress the miners, which authorised police to break up any gatherings.
On 16 December 1929 about 4,000 miners demonstrated against the introduction of non-union labour into the Rothbury mine by the conservative Bavin government, which had taken over the colliery. The government called in 400 New South Wales police officers from districts outside Newcastle to protect the colliery and allow the entry of non-union labour. Angry minders marched to the mine gate led by a pipe band. When they charged the gate, the miners were met with baton charges by the police and there were hand-to-hand clashes. Then the police drew their revolvers and shot into the crowd. One miner, Norman Brown, received a fatal wound. The youngest miner was 15-year-old Joseph Cummings, who risked his life, dodging bullets as he ran for the doctor, in a futile effort to help save Brown’s life.
The Sydney Daily Telegraph Pictorial described the event as “the most dramatic industrial clash that has ever shocked Australia.”
In June 1930, after fifteen months of living in poverty and starvation, the miners capitulated and returned to work on reduced contract wages. However, the lockout failed to break the resolve or organisation of the miners union.
The Rothbury mine finally closed in 1974. A monument in honour of Norman Brown is located at North Rothbury.
The site is now a railway workshop, restoring locomotives and rolling stock used on railways in the local coalfields.
The word Rothbury has been trademarked by the Fosters Group.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothbury_riot .
The Battle of Brisbane was two nights of rioting between United States military personnel on one side and Australian servicemen and civilians on the other, in Brisbane, Queensland’s capital city, on 26-27 November 1942, during which time the two nations were allies. By the time violence had been quelled, one Australian soldier was dead and hundreds of Australians and U.S. servicemen had been injured. New reports of these incidents were suppressed overseas, with the causes of the riot not made evident in the few newspaper reports of the event that were published within Australia.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brisbane .
The Bathurst riots, also known as the Bathurst motorcycle race riots and the Easter Motorcycle riots were a series of annual riots between 1980-1985 involving motorsport spectators, motorcycle riders and the New South Wales Police Force Tactical Response Group during the Australian motorcycle Grand Prix.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_riots .
The Fremantle Prison riot was a prison riot that occurred on 4 January 1988 at Fremantle Prison, in Western Australia. The riot was organised as a diversion for an escape that was to take place. Prisoners created a fire as part of the diversion, and temperatures inside the cells were recorded at 52.2 oC (126 oF). 3 division and 4 division were taken over by a total of seventy prisoners, and 15 officers were taken hostage. The fire caused $1.8 million in damage and unintentionally prevented the planned escape.
It was suggested that the riot and fire was staged as a diversion by twelve men including Brenden Abbott, to assist a mass escape from the prison. During the two weeks prior to the riot they collected 3 litres of fuel from lawnmowers, which they managed to conceal in their drink bottles.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremantle_Prison_riot .
The Star Hotel riot, occasioned by the closing down of a popular pub, was one of the largest riots in Australian history. An estimated 4,000 people fought with police on the streets of Newcastle, New South Wales on the night of 19 September 1979.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Hotel_riot .
The 1996 Parliament House riot (also called the Canberra riot) involved a physical attack on Parliament House, Canberra, Australia, on 19 August 1996, when protesters broke away from the “Cavalcade to Canberra” rally organised by the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and sought to force their way into the national Parliament of Australia, causing property damage and attacking police.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Parliament_House_riot .
The 2004 Redfern riots took place on the evening of Saturday, 14 February 2004, in the inner Sydney suburb of Redfern, sparked by the death of a young man named Thomas Hickey.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Redfern_riots .
The 2004 Palm Island death in custody incident relates to the death of Palm Island, Queensland resident, Cameron Doomadgee (tribe name: Mulrunji) on Friday, 19 November 2004 in police cell. The death of Mulrunji led to civic disturbances on the island and a legal, political and media sensation that continued for three years. The Attorney General indicted an Australian police officer for a criminal trial for the first time since the public prosecutor’s office was established. The officer was charged for a death in custody, was acquitted by a jury in June 2007.
Two legal questions arose from the death, firstly whether the taking into custody of Mulrunji was lawful and secondly were the injuries that led to his death illegally caused by the arresting officer.
Politically this event raised questions relating to the 1990 Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody and whether its recommendations to prevent deaths in custody had been implemented by government.


More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Palm_Island_death_in_custody .
The trial of Lex Wotton relates to the events surrounding the Townsville, Queensland proceedings in the Federal Magistrates Court concerning the actions taken by Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council member Lex Wotton during the 26 November 2004 Palm Island riots.
Lex Wotton was a two-time councillor on the Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council when Cameron Doomadgee died in custody. Wotton led approximately 1,000 people in the Palm Island riots. Wotton was arrested, but on his release, he was hailed as a hero by many residents of Palm Island. He continued to act as a leader and even ran for mayor of the North Queensland Aboriginal community. Approximately four years after the riot, Wotton was found guilty of inciting a riot and sentenced to seven years in prison.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Lex_Wotton .
The Macquarie Fields riots were a series of disturbances in southwest Sydney in February 2005 which were referred to as a riot by both the Parliament of New South Wales and the media.

More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Macquarie_Fields_riots .
The 2005 Cronulla riots were a series of sectarian clashes and mob violence in Australia, originating in the Sydney suburb of Cronulla, New South Wales, and spreading, over the next few nights, to additional suburbs.
Racial tensions were already prevalent among the two racial groups due to the Sydney Gang Rapes of 2000, among other social incidents, which likely contributed to the scale of the escalation, even though a later review by New South Wales Police found that the initial incident was no more significant, of itself, than other fights between the two racial groups.
A crowd gathered on the morning of Sunday, 11 December 2005 and, by midday, approximately 5,000 people gathered at Cronulla beach to protest against the recent spate of violence against locals. However, fuelled by alcohol, the crowd turned to violence when a young man of Arab appearance was spotted on the beach. He was surrounded by a crowd outside a local hotel and attacked, along with similar attacks later that day. Retaliatory riots also took place that night and on subsequent nights, resulting in extensive property damage and several more assaults, including one stabbing and even some attacks against ambulance and police officers.
The attacks were widely condemned by local, state and federal members of parliament, police, local community leaders, and resident of Cronulla and adjacent areas. A large number of arrests were made over the subsequent months, from both the initial riot on 11 December and the retaliatory riots held over the subsequent nights. Travel warnings for Australia were issued by some countries but have since been removed.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Cronulla_riots .
On 15 September 2012, a protest against an anti-Islam film Innocence of Muslims was held in Sydney, New South Wales. While the protest started peacefully, violent confrontations between police and protesters began when protesters reached the United States Consulate General. In resulting clashes, six police officers and 19 protesters were injured. The violence was condemned by Australian political leaders, including Prime Minister Julia Gillard. Police arrested nine protesters in connection with the violence.
More information on it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Sydney_anti-Islam_film_protests .
.....
 
You must log in or register to reply here.
Back
Top