The History of Plembobria

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Pre-Kingdom Era
Rethenite Era (Unknown-1692)

The first civilized settlers of Plembobria were a nomadic people known as the Rethenites (for which the city of Rethel is named). They were expelled from the Kianese empire for practicing their religion. Though they sought temporary refuge in The Lancerian Empire, they were forced to move on. The Rethenites named the land they discovered "Plembobnyc," which was Rethenite for "rich land" or "abundant land." This name gradually became "Plembobria" in Mercanti.

As the Rethenites settled farther north, they began to cultivate crops in the fertile soil of what is now Northelfrith, Cherpis, and Mediglorn.

The Rethenite settlement came to be known as the Kingdom of Clethelbend. (The earliest mention of the name "Clethelbend" is dated back to the year 878. The establishment of the Kingdom is estimated to be between 841-856

The Dynastic Era (1592-1784)



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A map of the dynasties' territory on the eve of the Unification War
Overtime, disputes among the Clethelbendic nobility led to war. While there were six independent states, there were two major powers: Clethelbend and Pyrandia. Glornia and Plinkenshire were allied with Pyrandia, while Halbonia, Frithia, and Cherpis allied with Clethelbend. It is important to note, that even though these states were enemies of each other, they each individually owed fealty to the Kianese empire.

Unification (1784-1799)

In 1784, a Lord of Clethelbend, Egbert Edwin Flithen, and Lord Robert Uppey of Pyrandia made a secret pact. They would rebel against their respective states and attempt to establish a new nation, free from Kianese rule and feudalism. They formed a secret society of rebels: The Liberty League. Their mission was to destabilize the dynasties by covert operations, assassinations, defections, and peasant rebellions.

In the decades preceding the League's rise, Plembobrian nationalism, a sense of a common identity, as well as an opposition to Kianese supremacy, had come to overtake people of all classes. The peasantry and many nobles sided with the League.

The Liberty League was divided into two parts: the Southern League, led by Egbert, and the Northern League, led by Robert. Their military strategy was to "squeeze" Pyrandia from the north and south. The land conquered in the north was named Crilalia, the traditional name for the region. The land conquered in south was called Flithendale, after Egbert. These became states in their own right, with militaries and centralized governments.

After the Grand Duke of Clethelbend, Andrew III, was assassinated in 1787, his heir, Ivan V, joined the rebellion. With the full resources of Clethelbend at their disposal, the League's masterful operation led to the deposition of the Dynasties. The Halbons were overthrown in 1786, followed by Cherpis (1787), the Frithians and the Glorns (1789), and the Plinkens (1791).

The Duke of Pyr finally surrendered in 1798, after the battle of East Lankford. Both Egbert and Robert chose not to take control of the land he had left behind, instead replacing it with the Province of Pyrandia

Egbert became an iconic hero. The population wanted him to be declared king. Egbert was originally averse to the idea. He wanted a republic. However, the lack central authority led to a power vacuum, causing local conflict throughout the countryside, most notably in Plinkenshire, which was divided into two provinces when the kingdom was proclaimed.

Both Robert and Ivan V agreed to crown Egbert king, so long as their respective provinces would be autonomous. Egbert agreed stating that "Crilalia will ever serve as a force to keep the Crown accountable." The Act of Settlement, which officially established the Kingdom of Plembobria, was signed on March 14, 1799. The borders of the warring states were used to establish provinces. Feudalism was formally abolished. The nobles of each province, were stripped of their titles. Egbert married Maria Theresa of Pyrandia, heir to Pyrandian throne, thus merging the House of Pyr with the House of Flithen. Thus, Flithendale and Pyrandia share the same royal house.

Kingdom

Establishment

Immediately after the Establishment, Egbert was determined to establish a political system free from corruption and oppression. The Declaration of Rights and Liberties was enacted. The Declaration serves as the bill of rights and remains in force to this day.

Egbert, drawing on the work of contemporary political philosophers, who exhorted the importance of the separation of powers, established two coequal positions. The Lord High Chamberlain, who would oversee the Ministers, and the Lord High Chancellor, who would oversee the courts. By law, the Chancellor and the Chamberlain were forbidden from meeting with each other unless with the Monarch was present. The appointment of Ministers of State and Justices rested with the Crown, but was always done with the advice of the Chamberlain and Chancellor respectively.

Egbert also established the House of Peers, a body consisting of all provincial nobles. The King needed the help of the nobility in the collection of taxes, thus such matters were presented to them for their advice. The House is often described as a de facto legislature or parliament, however, it functioned in a very different manner. It only had rare meetings, and their approval was not required for much of the Crown's agenda.

Creation of the Royal Bank

The nation was heavily indebted. Egbert's administration, lead by Lord High Chamberlain Roger Handel, wanted to pursue radical reforms, such as a guaranteed land for certain peasants, and a system of basic public education. Yet the treasury was practically bankrupt. The effective destruction of the aristocracy had essentially destroyed the nation's only tax base, despite the establishment of the advisory House of Peers.

To remedy this, Handel's administration chartered the Royal Bank of Plembobria. The bank would issue notes against government debt, and (it was hoped) could be used to fund the government's ambitious motives. But investment was moribund. Desperate, the administration reached out to the Avelocci family. The family agreed to massive investment in the Plembobria, in exchange for permanent representation on the Royal Bank's governing board. The Bank's charter was swiftly amended, the Aveloccis invested, and the government began to function.

Land Reform

Following the re-charter of the Royal Bank, the Government embarked on its Land Reform measures, to seize land from the Nobility, and redistribute it among the lower classes. But as time wore on it became hugely impractical to enforce these measures. The military was small, poorly disciplined, and untrained.

On May 31st, 1837, Egbert died and was succeeded by his son, Timothy I. Since Timothy had had nearly no political or military experience, his leadership skills were greatly lacking. The House of Peers seized their chance, and recommended a new Lord Chamberlain, along with a fresh cabinet, which Timothy consented to and appointed. Political power had returned to the aristocracy.
 
Timothy I (1837-1849)

Timothy’s reign was characterized by the industrial revolution and its social and political consequences. In this period, the crown governed the country in a quasi-absolutist regime. The king ruled by decree, appointing royal ministers and governors over the several provinces, with the advice and consent of the gentry there.

Timothy ascended to the thrown under the shadow of Edward, the founder of the Kingdom. Edward embodied reluctant authority and moral legitimacy, while Timothy was reckless, impatient, and insecure. He viewed dissent as a threat, and that a strong monarch was necessary to prevent the country from falling into factionalism. He relied heavily on the aristocracy for advice and was primarily concerned with consolidating royal authority.

The growth of factories and industrialization in urban areas, especially Crilalia result in the rise of the early Plembobrian Labor Movement, which rose up to oppose poor working conditions, child labor, and food insecurity among the working classes.

In this period, Crilalia developed a distinct political culture, characterized by strong guilds, republican pamphleteering, and exchange with socialist thinkers in McMasterdonia and elsewhere.

Timothy did little to address the concerns of the labor movement, resulting in further radicalization. He branded organizers as radicals and ignored requests to step in and mediate talks between strikers and employers. In response to his inaction, radicalism within the labor movement grew.

In 1848, as Timothy’s health was failing, socialists, republicans, and other reformers met in Durense, capital city of Crilalia and proclaimed the establishment of the Revolutionary Democratic Vanguard, which had three key demands: universal male suffrage, collective bargaining mediated and enforced by the crown, and a formal constitution. The RDV quickly formed chapters in all the provinces, staging strikes and demonstrations. By the end of 1848, a general strike, amounting to 70% of factory workers, was in effect. Timothy announced his intention to abdicate at the end of the year. On New Year's Day of 1849, Phillip ascended to the throne, facing the most serious crisis in the history of the Kingdom.

Phillip I (1849-1878)

Phillip I represented a generational shift from Timothy. He was better educated, more reflective, and concerned about social suffering. He was a strong believer in nobles oblige, or the moral duty of the nobility to serve the people. Phillip’s reign saw the expansion of public education and health. The legitimization of guild activity, and improved urban labor conditions, but little in the way of expanded democratic participation.

The first decree approved by Phillip was the Guild Charter, formally recognizing the guilds and formally regulating their ability to engage in bargaining with owners. He also created a consultative assembly, known as the Senate. The Senate was appointed by the crown in consultation with guilds, nobility, and other special interest groups within the kingdom. Notably, no open RDV members were appointed to the assembly. These reforms satisfied some of the demands of the RDV but still discontent grew in some cases. Nevertheless, protests and strike activity died down for a time, and Phillip I’s reign was characterized by peace and stability until his death in 1878.

Marco (1878-1916)

Marco was personally uninterested in governance. His own father’s consistent work to manage the conflict with the labor movement resulted in his own disillusionment with politics. He preferred travel and patronage. Government during his rule was oligarchical, as he delegated governance to his more trusted advisors and friends. The labor and republican movements grew independently of the crown. Crilalia began developing republican systems of government at the local level, formally disinheriting county nobility, and replacing their authority with those of elected councils.

The RDV gained strength in cities and mining regions. A system of “managed constitutionalism took hold.” County and provincial nobles experimented with locally elected councils, especially in urban areas, though they retained final authority over local legislation, unlike Crilalia.

In 1893, elected seats to the Senate were established. Each province would elect, by popular vote, 3 senators to sit in addition to the appointed senators. Though the senate remained an advisory body, the elected senators began asserting the body’s power more heavily. The RDV split into the Revolutionary Democratic Party, which favored social democracy and parliamentarianism, and the People’s Socialist Front, which favored direct action, and boycotted participation in the limited elections. The PSF remained popular in Crilalia, while the RDP held its support among the other provinces. The “Crilalian Question” became a common term in Plembobrian politics and laid the groundwork for later independence movements.

1915 saw Plembobrian intervention in a McMasterdonian succession crisis, (1915-1917) straining the economy and inflaming tensions. Conscription, wage controls, and food shortages resulted in mass protest. The RDP’s moderation fell out of favor and the PSF gained support throughout Plembobria. On April 3rd, 1916, Marco died of a stroke. Feeling the time was ripe for action, the PSF staged the 1916 Crilalia uprising, a series of attacks which resulted in the deaths of over two hundred civilians, and about ninety law enforcement and military personnel. Though successfully crushed, Crilalian sentiment against the monarchy would be solidified for a century.

Timothy II (1916-1948)

Timothy II’s ascension to the thrown was characterized by the crushing of the uprising, and a near instant swing towards authoritarianism in his early months. Martial law was declared and elected senators were suspended from their jobs until Plembobrian withdrawal from McMasteronia in 1919. Timothy II was conservative but pragmatic. Immediately after the end of the war, Timothy proclaimed the Representation of the People Act, establishing a House of Commons alongside the Senate. The Senate’s elected positions were abolished. The House and Senate could propose legislation, but the monarch was crucially not under the obligation to approve it and still could enact legislation by decree in emergency situations. The monarch still held executive power.

Timothy II personally treated with labor leaders and approved legislation expanding and protecting the guilds’ ability to collectively bargain. Timothy’s reign resulted in the crown taking up the position of an arbiter rather than a ruler. Protest by guild members resulted in legislation proposed in the House of Commons, moderated by the senate, and ultimately approved by the monarchy after some period of deliberation. This resulted in reforms most notably:

  • Suffrage Act (1923), women’s suffrage established
  • Guild Relations Act (1930), creates a formal government scheme for overseeing collective bargaining agreements
  • National Health Fund Act (1937), establishing a voluntary national health insurance scheme
  • Pensions Act (1937), establishing a system of old-aged pensions
  • National Health Protection Act (1940), mandates participation in the national health fund, guarantees universal healthcare for all citizens
  • Food and Welfare Act (1943), establishing a basic welfare state
 
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