Political system of Eigland
Summary
The politics of Eigland are conducted within the framework of a representative democracy and a federal state under a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
The Monarch is the head of state and the highest ranked individual in Eigland. The title and office of Monarch is a hereditary position and the holder serves in the office until their death or until abdication. Upon the death of the incumbent holder, the Monarch’s eldest child, the Archduke (or Archduchess) of Ravatia, will inherit the throne, and their eldest child will become the heir apparent. On paper, the Constitution bestows upon the Monarch many powers, known as the royal prerogative, which is outlined in Part III-I, Article 62 of the Constitution. In practice, the Monarch serves a mostly ceremonial role, and is limited in the exercise of their powers. Instead, their authority is exercised through the Government.
The Government consists of the Monarch (as the nominal chief executive), the High Chancellor (as the head of government), and government ministers and state secretaries. The High Chancellor and other government ministers are members of the High Council of State, a formal government body which serves as the Monarch’s privy council and advisory body. The High Chancellor is a member of the Riyksdaag and is accountable to it. Government ministers are not required to be parliamentarians, but they and the High Chancellor are subject to parliamentary confidence and can be removed through a vote of confidence
The Witenagemot is the Eiglish parliament and serves as the nation’s legislative body. The legislature is a bicameral institution, comprising of the Riyksraad, which is filled by representatives of state governments and state government officials appointed by the Monarch, and the Riyksdaag, which consists of directly elected officials who represent their respective parties and, when applicable, their constituencies. Members of the Riyksraad are appointed to the chamber by the Monarch on the advice of the High Council of State, and serve in this capacity until the age of 80 years. In the Riyksdaag, members are elected to serve five year terms by means of mixed-member proportional representation, where the electorate must vote for both the electoral list for the political party of their choice and for their preferred candidate to represent their constituency. The chambers of the Witenagemot collectively are tasked with passing legislation and holding the Government accountable for its actions.
The judiciary is independent of both the executive and legislature. It is overseen by the Council of the Judiciary, a body of the High Council of State which ensures the self-management of the judiciary and the effective administration of justice. Eigland operates under a civil-law legal system, the basis for which is the Constitution, comprehensive legal codes, and other laws passed by the Witenagemot. The court system is divided into civil courts, criminal courts, administrative courts, and specialized courts which cover specific areas of law. Additionally, there is an official division between the ordinary court system and the system of martial justice, which is maintained by the Kriygsmæht, the Eiglish military, for the purpose of ensuring strict adherence of the laws and the enforcement of military discipline. Matters of constitutional law are not handled by the judiciary, instead being delegated to the High Constitutional Council, which is a separate, independent institution.
Eiygland is a federation of seven states, which have certain powers granted to them through the Constitution. State or regional power is shared between the central federal government and the regional governments. Below them are counties and municipalities, which are local government entities.
