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1852 United Commonwealth royal election | Predicica (www.predicica.com/event/1852-United-Commonwealth-royal-election)
Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopædia Predicica
1852 United Commonwealth royal election
Rudolf I, Krawiterskan King
The election of the monarch of the United Commonwealth of Krawiterska was held on 28 May 1852. It was won by Prince Rodulf Bohuslæn-Loðbrók of Prydania. He was the first monarch of the United Commonwealth after it became a country in the previous year.
Background
On 11 November 1851, the Second Khastenian Republic signed the Treaty of Norvalle, granting independence to the United Commonwealth. The Provisional Council of State, led by Chairman Count Stefan Borowski, planned to finalize the drafts to establish "a Pan-Craviterian grand republic" that unites all nationalities in former Khastenian Eastern Craviter. Boyar Jaroslav Severov, Foreign Minister and the former Khastenian ambassador to Prydania, warned the council that any notion of a grand republic in Craviter might provoke memories of the recent Wars of the Callisean Republic. Severov argued that the threat of intervention from Maloria, Norsia, Prydania, and Syrixia had not abated, especially since the 1848 Khastenian Revolution and the execution of Tsar Alexei III and his family.
Borowski and many members of the Council of State were republicans. Boyar Severov and a minority of councilmen were monarchists. They debated on the merits of both sides, concluding that a monarchy, while not ideal, is "strategic" for the survival of the United Commonwealth. The majority in the Krawiterskan Parliament were also republicans, but the public has been divided on the issue. Many of the Khastenians in the United Commonwealth, including revolutionary war hero General Valerian Tatarinstev, supported independence from the Second Khastenian Republic believing that they were doing so in support of a Tsirkunov restoration.
Both Borowski and Boyar Severov opposed Tsirkunov restoration and any candidate from the surviving Khastenian royal dynasties. Despite centuries of Khastenian Pagan oppression, though divided between Courantists and Laurenists, the people of the United Commonwealth remained majority Messianist and the new monarchy should represent this.
A monarchy in the United Commonwealth was believed to allow the country to enjoy better relations with monarchy-dominated Collandris, Craviter, Gothis, Northern Meterra, and Auroria. The Council of State wanted to present the country as harmless and could co-exist with the Northern powers.
The 1852 UC referendum approved the Krawiterskan Parliament's proposed constitution formally establishing the country as a monarchy. A transitory provision authorized the Krawiterskan Parliament to offer the throne of the newly-formed country.
After the referendum, discussions were held with the monarchies of Collandris, Craviter, and Northern Meterra to find possible candidates for the proposed monarchy. Each monarchy in these continents was formally offered a nomination for the candidacy to the Krawiterskan throne. The Norsian, Sil Dorsettian, and Syrixian monarchies notably rejected the offer.
Criteria for the monarch
The Krawiterskan Parliament voted for the nominated candidates based on a criteria of five points. Announced by Count Stefan Borowski in a speech to the Chamber of Deputies, he clarified the criteria were a guide to narrow down and focus on a list of the most ideal candidates. Count Borowski based the criteria on suggestions by Boyar Jaroslav Severov:
Parties in the Krawiterskan Parliament and voting preferences
List of nominated candidates
Results
Inauguration of King Rudolf I, 11 November 1852
The transitory provision that authorized the Krawiterskan Parliament to offer the throne required that the election must be held in a joint sitting of both houses, with its members as the electors.
Votes by party
The Courantist Democrat Party favored candidates with evident democratic commitments, which included their origin country. Gunther, Prince of Kronach, a devout Courantist, was easily their top candidate. His country's transition to parliamentary constitutionalism was commended as a model for establishing a constitutional order in the United Commonwealth. Prince Rodulf, a Laurenist, was their second choice despite his religion. There were attempts in the party to cast doubts on Prydania's democratization. His opponents in the Krawiterskan Parliament pointed out his country's interventions against republican movements in Callise and Khastenia. Conservative and monarchist Courantist Democrats were attracted to Great Lord Leonardo, Grand Duke Viktor, and Grand Duke Andrei, but the latter candidate was viciously debated. Despite his criticism of Tsar Alexei III, he was still Khastenian and a pagan. Most of his initial supporters in the PDK conceded to vote for other candidates. Leonardo would have made an ideal alternative candidate if it were not for Prince René's endorsement. Sil Dorsett was an absolute monarchy under René's reign.
Grand Duke Viktor was the majority choice of Laurenist Commonwealth. He aligned perfectly with WL's ideals: He was a non-Courantist Messianist who held a strong monarchy stance. Prince Rodulf would have been their first choice. His Prydanian Laurenist background was overlooked due to Queen Alexandra's democratic reforms. Prince Kaysapa and Great Lord Leonardo were also seen as strong monarchy candidates but they were not serious alternatives. Grand Duke Andrei was not a favorable candidate for the same reasons PDK had.
The Restorationist Movement was divided between Grand Duke Andrei, a Tsirkunov, and Prince Kaysapa, who was endorsed by the Syrixian Empire. There was no debate in voting for a Tsirkunov, but many preferred a strong monarchy candidate who was not a reformist. The majority voted to support Andrei. In protest, reactionaries joined pro-Syrixians in voting for Kaysapa.
Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopædia Predicica
1852 United Commonwealth royal election
Rudolf I, Krawiterskan King
The election of the monarch of the United Commonwealth of Krawiterska was held on 28 May 1852. It was won by Prince Rodulf Bohuslæn-Loðbrók of Prydania. He was the first monarch of the United Commonwealth after it became a country in the previous year.
Background
On 11 November 1851, the Second Khastenian Republic signed the Treaty of Norvalle, granting independence to the United Commonwealth. The Provisional Council of State, led by Chairman Count Stefan Borowski, planned to finalize the drafts to establish "a Pan-Craviterian grand republic" that unites all nationalities in former Khastenian Eastern Craviter. Boyar Jaroslav Severov, Foreign Minister and the former Khastenian ambassador to Prydania, warned the council that any notion of a grand republic in Craviter might provoke memories of the recent Wars of the Callisean Republic. Severov argued that the threat of intervention from Maloria, Norsia, Prydania, and Syrixia had not abated, especially since the 1848 Khastenian Revolution and the execution of Tsar Alexei III and his family.
Borowski and many members of the Council of State were republicans. Boyar Severov and a minority of councilmen were monarchists. They debated on the merits of both sides, concluding that a monarchy, while not ideal, is "strategic" for the survival of the United Commonwealth. The majority in the Krawiterskan Parliament were also republicans, but the public has been divided on the issue. Many of the Khastenians in the United Commonwealth, including revolutionary war hero General Valerian Tatarinstev, supported independence from the Second Khastenian Republic believing that they were doing so in support of a Tsirkunov restoration.
Both Borowski and Boyar Severov opposed Tsirkunov restoration and any candidate from the surviving Khastenian royal dynasties. Despite centuries of Khastenian Pagan oppression, though divided between Courantists and Laurenists, the people of the United Commonwealth remained majority Messianist and the new monarchy should represent this.
A monarchy in the United Commonwealth was believed to allow the country to enjoy better relations with monarchy-dominated Collandris, Craviter, Gothis, Northern Meterra, and Auroria. The Council of State wanted to present the country as harmless and could co-exist with the Northern powers.
The 1852 UC referendum approved the Krawiterskan Parliament's proposed constitution formally establishing the country as a monarchy. A transitory provision authorized the Krawiterskan Parliament to offer the throne of the newly-formed country.
After the referendum, discussions were held with the monarchies of Collandris, Craviter, and Northern Meterra to find possible candidates for the proposed monarchy. Each monarchy in these continents was formally offered a nomination for the candidacy to the Krawiterskan throne. The Norsian, Sil Dorsettian, and Syrixian monarchies notably rejected the offer.
Criteria for the monarch
The Krawiterskan Parliament voted for the nominated candidates based on a criteria of five points. Announced by Count Stefan Borowski in a speech to the Chamber of Deputies, he clarified the criteria were a guide to narrow down and focus on a list of the most ideal candidates. Count Borowski based the criteria on suggestions by Boyar Jaroslav Severov:
- A male
- A Messianist
- A democrat
- His house is connected to multiple royal houses in Collandris, Craviter, Gothis, Northern Meterra, and or Auroria
- He can speak Andrenske, Gojan, or Mercanti
Parties in the Krawiterskan Parliament and voting preferences
- Democratic Party of Courantists (PDK): Led by Chairman Count Stefan Borowski and represented the majority of the Council of State and the Krawiterskan Parliament. This faction advocated for a full parliamentary democracy under a ceremonial monarchy. They prioritized principles of democracy, equality, and representation over monarchical and sectarian rule, united under a secular federation. The majority of them were Courantists and preferred a candidate with the same religion. Many held Pro-Goyanean views. They had a majority of 148 seats in the 210-seat lower house Chamber of Deputies but only 27 supported them from the 100-seat upper house Senate. Their total number of seats in both houses was 175.
- Laurenist Commonwealth (RL): The leader, Boyar Jaroslav Severov, and a minority in the Council of State represented this pro-monarchy party. They believed that a strong monarchy could provide stability and strategic advantages for the survival of the country, especially in the face of enemy republics Callise and Khastenia. They viewed Andrenne, Maloria, Norsia, and Prydania as friends. This faction supported Laurenist candidates. They held 52 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and had 19 supporters in the Senate. Their total number of assembly seats was 71.
- The Tsirkunov Restorationist Movement (RRT): This party, led by Defense Minister General Valerian Tatarinstev, supported independence from Khastenia with the hope of restoring a Tsirkunov monarchy, viewing it as a way to preserve the United Commonwealth's Pagan Khastenian heritage. They also supported Maloria, Norsia, and Syrixia as "defenders of ancient Craviter." But Prydania's refusal to commit troops to stop the 1848 Revolution disappointed them. Although most members were upper-class elite that ruled Rump Krawiterska, their party was the most diverse, with both Szlavs and Gotics, Messianists and Pagans, apart from Khastenians. They supported the PDK's vision of a secular federation and liked RL's strong monarchy stance. They held 10 seats in the Chamber of Deputies but a majority of 54 senators supported them. Their total number of assembly seats was 64.
List of nominated candidates
Title, name, and origin | Description |
Grand Duke Andrei Tsirkunov of Khastenia | A reformist, he acknowledged for the mistakes of his cousin Alexei III and believed in the urgency of recognizing the rights of the people. He promised to convert to Messianism. He was trilingual and spoke all three languages in the criteria. |
Prince Kaysapa of Kaliva | Although a non-Messianist, he promised to convert in the event of his election. He was a candidate endorsed by the Syrixian Empire after the Imperial House of Syrixia rejected the offer of nomination. Born in a constitutional monarchy, he was raised to respect democratic ideals. He was a speaker of Andrenske and Mercanti. The House of Kaliva has dynastic ties to the Syrixian imperial house. |
Great Lord Leonardo Vivanco Dos-Rosas | A member of the Ladyist denomination of Messianism. His candidacy was endorsed by Prince René of Sil Dorsett. He was the cousin of Great Duke Lorenzo III of Vivanco and fifth-in-line to the grand duchy's throne. He believed a constitutional monarchy requires a strong and active monarch to protect the democratic process, which included limitations on the "excesses of republicanism." He was a Mercanti speaker. The House of Vivanco has ties with the Santonian monarchy. |
Prince of Kronach Gunther Windberg (Waltariche) | He was the younger brother of King Rolf "The Old." An "eccentric renaissance man," he supported the early democratic reforms in Waltariche during the 19th Century. He spoke all three languages in the criteria. A devout Courantist, he was a strong defender of the Courantist church. |
Prince Rodulf Bohuslæn-Loðbrók of Prydania | 2nd son of Jarl Björn Bohuslæn and Princess Astrid Loðbrók, the aunt of Queen Alexandria of Prydania. Rodulf witnessed and understood the importance of the democratic reforms under his cousin's reign. One of the reforms was the development of the modern Prydanian political system. A Messianist, he was a member of the Prydanian Laurenist Church. He was a bilingual speaker of Andrenske and Gojan. The House of Loðbrók has ties with the monarchies of Andrenne, Saintonge, Goyanes, Arrandal, Alemriche, and Korova. |
Grand Duke Viktor Severyn of Malor-Vilmarna | A member of the Auroral denomination of Messianism. He was capable of speaking Mercanti. Raised in the traditions of absolute monarchy, he felt the monarch's right to rule and the will of the people were not obstacles to each other. The House of Severyn has blood ties with many monarchies around the world. |
Results
Inauguration of King Rudolf I, 11 November 1852
The transitory provision that authorized the Krawiterskan Parliament to offer the throne required that the election must be held in a joint sitting of both houses, with its members as the electors.
Candidate | Origin country | Votes |
| Grand Duke Andrei Tsirkunov | Khastenia | 53 |
| Prince Kaysapa | Kaliva | 51 |
| Great Lord Leonardo Vivanco Dos-Rosas | Vivanco | 30 |
| Gunther Windberg, Prince of Kronach | Walteriche | 61 |
| Prince Rodulf Bohuslæn-Loðbrók | Prydania | 67 |
| Grand Duke Viktor Severyn | Malor-Vilmarna | 48 |
Votes by party
Candidate | Courantist Democrat Party (PDK) | Laurenist Commonwealth (RL) | Restorationist (RRT) | Total |
| Grand Duke Andrei Tsirkunov | 8 | 10 | 35 | 53 |
| Prince Kaysapa | 12 | 10 | 29 | 51 |
| Great Lord Leonardo Vivanco Dos-Rosas | 24 | 6 | 0 | 30 |
| Gunther Windberg, Prince of Kronach | 61 | 0 | 0 | 61 |
| Prince Rodulf Bohuslæn-Loðbrók | 55 | 12 | 0 | 67 |
| Grand Duke Viktor Severyn | 15 | 33 | 0 | 48 |
The Courantist Democrat Party favored candidates with evident democratic commitments, which included their origin country. Gunther, Prince of Kronach, a devout Courantist, was easily their top candidate. His country's transition to parliamentary constitutionalism was commended as a model for establishing a constitutional order in the United Commonwealth. Prince Rodulf, a Laurenist, was their second choice despite his religion. There were attempts in the party to cast doubts on Prydania's democratization. His opponents in the Krawiterskan Parliament pointed out his country's interventions against republican movements in Callise and Khastenia. Conservative and monarchist Courantist Democrats were attracted to Great Lord Leonardo, Grand Duke Viktor, and Grand Duke Andrei, but the latter candidate was viciously debated. Despite his criticism of Tsar Alexei III, he was still Khastenian and a pagan. Most of his initial supporters in the PDK conceded to vote for other candidates. Leonardo would have made an ideal alternative candidate if it were not for Prince René's endorsement. Sil Dorsett was an absolute monarchy under René's reign.
Grand Duke Viktor was the majority choice of Laurenist Commonwealth. He aligned perfectly with WL's ideals: He was a non-Courantist Messianist who held a strong monarchy stance. Prince Rodulf would have been their first choice. His Prydanian Laurenist background was overlooked due to Queen Alexandra's democratic reforms. Prince Kaysapa and Great Lord Leonardo were also seen as strong monarchy candidates but they were not serious alternatives. Grand Duke Andrei was not a favorable candidate for the same reasons PDK had.
The Restorationist Movement was divided between Grand Duke Andrei, a Tsirkunov, and Prince Kaysapa, who was endorsed by the Syrixian Empire. There was no debate in voting for a Tsirkunov, but many preferred a strong monarchy candidate who was not a reformist. The majority voted to support Andrei. In protest, reactionaries joined pro-Syrixians in voting for Kaysapa.
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